The Issue Of Gun Free - 1016 Words

The Second Amendment says that a well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. History has shown that it is necessary to keep this Amendment. There are now places where this right is infringed upon. They are called â€Å"gun-free zones.† In these gun-free zones, people’s safety is constantly compromised, because shooters know that they can come to these places and attack, without fear of their own lives. There is simply no one to resist the shooters. This has been seen in schools across America. The existence of gun-free zones makes these facilities easy targets for those wanting to commit violent crimes; therefore, people should never be stripped of their right to bear arms, regardless of the place. It s noteworthy that every mass shooting in the U.S. since 1977, with the exception of the 2011 Tucson shooting that killed six people and severely injured Rep. Gabby Giffords, has happened in a gun-free zone, according to John Lott, Jr., former chief economist for the U.S. Sentencing Commission (Gun-Free Zones). Everyone without a criminal record has the right to bear arms, as well as to carry concealed weapons. People should be able to bear arms anywhere, whether it is in an elementary school, a restaurant, or the mall. Since the beginning of 2015 there have been 294 mass shooting (4 or more are shot) and of that number 45 of them are mass murders (four or more are killed). TwoShow MoreRelatedgun control research essay1222 Words   |  5 Pagesarticle that studied gun control. â€Å"Stricter state gun laws associated with fewer gun deaths, study finds.† The article discussed gun control laws in states with stricter laws tend to have lower rates of gun related homicides, and a suicide (ProCon para. 1) Gun control in the United States is becoming a wide spread issue and is becoming a problem everywhere. Although I am living in a city with uprising crime that has been skyrocketing over the years, I wasn’t aware of this being an issue all over the UnitedRead MoreGun Control Is Not The Solution982 Words   |  4 PagesFurther Gun Control is not the Solution Lately, as a nation, it seems that we can’t progress more than a month without hearing an incident on national news concerning a shooting. Every shooting that occurs is gaining the national media spotlight. This is prompting leaders and politicians around the country to call for further gun control to answer this current epidemic. Creating new gun laws is not the solution. This only creates extra problems with law-abiding citizens obtaining a firearm and infringingRead MoreDefining New Gun Laws Are Not The Answer996 Words   |  4 Pagesspotlight. This is prompting leaders and politicians around the country to call for further gun control to answer this current epidemic. Creating new gun laws are not the answer. This only creates extra problems with law-abiding citizens obtaining a firearm and infringing on their second amendment right of the United States Constitution, which states: â€Å"a well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.† The secondRead MoreThe School Shootings Involving 43 Deaths1291 Words   |  6 Pagesand Rhode Island any adult with a concealed weapon permit can carry a firearm on school grounds. Concealed Carry Laws are in place to issue concealed carry weapon permits to citizen who want the right to bear arms. Americans who are full believers in the Second Amendment. Some states do not allow citizen to carry concealed weapons, other states have â€Å"may-issue† laws leaving the permits to be the responsibility of law enforcement agencies who have the job of approving or denying applications. TheRead MoreStudents Deserve the Right to Protect Themselves Essay1301 Words   |  6 Pagesa weapon for years. As of 2014, 22 states do not allow students to carry guns on campus and 22 leave the policy of guns on campus to the schools. The remaining 6 allow students to carry weapons, but not necessarily into school buildings. Only in Utah is a student’s right to concealed carry protected by state law. While the government, state or federal, may not be able to control a private institutions right to ban guns, on public school grounds, students should be allowed to l egally carry weaponsRead MoreFree Guns ! Yes Or No?1599 Words   |  7 Pages Free guns! Yes or no? One highly discussed topic has always exist in US history: if it is right having a gun instead of a restrictive gun- policy as it exist in almost every other country around the world, like for example in Germany. This issue comes up a lot, especially after those mass shootings like in Connecticut, and it seems that there is not one way to a satisfying solution. Should government ban every weapon? Which are usually used for self- protection? Or just some of the weapons, forRead MoreThe Debate Over The Gun Control892 Words   |  4 PagesOne of the most debated and talked about issues going on today concerns gun control. There are many different aspects being brought up with concern to gun control. One of the biggest this past year especially here in Texas is the issue of allow-ing conceal carry on college campuses. College campuses are usually gun free zones, but with so many shootings happening on campuses some want to be allowed to carry. A lot of people are for infringing upo n a person’s constitutional right to life andRead MoreAn Argument Against Gun Control Essay971 Words   |  4 Pagescriminals committing crimes with the use of guns infringe the national right of the innocent to possess guns. This is a question that arouses everywhere and no matter which way it is viewed the controversy will always go on. quot;A gun is a mere tool that can be used for good or evil. Our country is based on the belief that man is good until he or she is proven to be otherwise.quot;(Harris p.2) This means that only a few people are committing crimes with uses of guns and why completely remove them fromRead MoreGun Control Is The Government Regulation Of The Sale And Ownership Of Firearms1660 Words   |  7 Pages2/22/16 Block 3 DC Gun Control Gun control is the â€Å"government regulation of the sale and ownership of firearms.† (Dictionary.com). In D.C., handguns, rifles, shotguns, and revolvers may be registered. Sawed-off shotguns, machine guns, short barreled rifles, unsafe handguns, assault weapons, and .50 caliber rifles are all prohibited in D.C., meaning that there is no possible way to own them. (DC.gov, 2014). A single person may only register one handgun every 30 days unless the gun was owned in anotherRead MoreGun Violence And The United States Essay1269 Words   |  6 PagesGun Violence in the United States For many years there has been a growing controversy between two sides. The side that wants to take away our right to have firearms and those that want to keep our rights in place. Because of this, gun violence in the US varies from state to state, depending on current gun laws in each individual state. States with the toughest gun laws are the states with the highest crime rates because of a victim inability to protect themselves. One must also remember that Criminals

Problems and Prospects of Women Entrepreneurship in Beauty...

Seminar Report on: Problems and Prospects of Women Entrepreneurship in Beauty Parlour: A Study in Sylhet. Shahjalal University of Science Technology Department of Business Administration Executive Summary Recognition of the need of women entrepreneurship has grown considerably in Bangladesh over the recent years. Because of the recognition, more supportive environment has been created for the women and more and more women entrepreneurs are engaging in business especially in small business and other self- employments. And this sector is now contributing a significant portion to total GDP as well as in the development of local economy. We won’t give onerous†¦show more content†¦So it has emerged slowly to service sector from agricultural sector. Government and development partners are paying more attention towards this sector because many women work in this sector. So, there are huge prospects in this sector especially true in case of beauty parlor in Sylhet which led by women. But all pictures are not beautiful. Despite huge prospects, they are suffering from some short comings such as lack of effective training, lack of formal education, inadequate govt interruption, a nd mistreatment by supportive agencies. We think and hope that government will come toward to solve these problems. Objectives of the study: 1. To analyze the prospects of women entrepreneurship in beauty parlour. 2. To explore the constraints which they are facing. 3. To suggest some recommendations for effective solutions. Methodology of the study: To reach our objectives both primary and secondary data are collected. We have collected primary data through questionnaire and interview. We visited 20 beauty parlour. We have interviewed and filled up questionnaires by them. Besides secondary information used to analyze and synthesize the data. Commonly available literature like daily newspapers, journals, articles and research papers have been used as the inputs of secondary information Limitations: A few limitations and constrains on the way to the complete fulfillment of the study work were: 1. To get

Clouded Atmosphere Essay Example For Students

Clouded Atmosphere Essay Clouded AtmosphereThe concentration of the atmospheres main greenhouse gases specifically, carbondioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and water vapor, have increased significantly during theindustrial age. These high concentrations are predicted to continue in the atmosphere forthousands of years to come. This increase in specially carbon dioxide, increases theinfrared energy taken in by the atmosphere, and warming the earths surface. The Globalmean temperature over the past 150 years has risen between 0.3 degrees C and 0.6degrees C. Climate changes that have been predicted are based on the continual rise inGreen House Gases. These changes include changes in: increase in mean surface airtemperature, increase in global mean rates of precipitation and evaporation, rising sealevel, and changes in the biosphere. There are many causes to the rise in Green House Gases in the atmosphere. Therise in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is largely related to the combustion of fossil fuelsand cement production (Hansen). The increase in methane is do to rice cultivation, animalhusbandry, biomass burning, and landfills (Kattenberg). Nitrous oxide is on the risebecause of industrial sources like adipic acid and nitric acid production (Kattenberg). Other gases not mentioned above that have a small impact on the Green House Gasproposed problem, is CFC-11 and CFC-12, these Gases are know to the public as being abig source of warming, although catalyzing decomposition of stratospheric ozone, theydo not pose a great threat. Since the public was notified of these compounds inrefrigerants, spray propellants, and foam blowing; the atmospheric concentrations havedecreased greatly (Prather). The danger that all these Green House Gases put to the atmosphere is the increasein the infrared energy absorbed by the atmosphere. This extra energy absorbed althoughthought to only warm the earth also has a cooling tendency on the stratosphere (Peixotoand Oort). The affect the radiation has by this increase of Green House Gasesconcentration is also known as Infrared Flux at the tropopause (Wang). The modelsused to predict this information can also closely mimic the other layers of the atmosphereas well as the surface. Worldwide temperature measurements are carefully taken withmany variables in mind. Such variables would be urbanization of a region, aerosols,precipitation, and changes in temperature and clouds (Hansen). Usually the temperature isthe first variable that is considered when assessments of the world climate change aretaken, it is also very important to consider other data that is part of the climate systemalong the line of time and space. Some other sources of informati on are: tree rings, borehole temperature measurements in the soil, permafrost, and ice sheets, and measurementsof the mass of valley glaciers and ice caps. By looking at this material for the past 600years it has been determined that the warming in the twentieth century is greater over thistime period (Briffa). From paleoclimate studies it has been concluded that the Earths climate has beenaltered by more than just Green House Gases, but Inorder to find the effects of the GreenHouse Gases specifically, a study of records from the periods when the changes in theatmospheric carbon dioxide were much larger than those of our century. Large naturalvariation in the atmospheres carbon dioxide were found in the observation and analysis ofgas bubbles trapped in glacier ice cores, are correlated with glacial (ice age) andinterglacial climate change of the latest Pleistocene and Holocene epochs. These glacialperiods are associated with low carbon dioxide concentrations, and the interglacial periodswith high concentrations. When looking at methane concentrations within these cores,there was a similar correlation (Chappellaz). .ua4d8261791ef80ff76907a27d6af5693 , .ua4d8261791ef80ff76907a27d6af5693 .postImageUrl , .ua4d8261791ef80ff76907a27d6af5693 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua4d8261791ef80ff76907a27d6af5693 , .ua4d8261791ef80ff76907a27d6af5693:hover , .ua4d8261791ef80ff76907a27d6af5693:visited , .ua4d8261791ef80ff76907a27d6af5693:active { border:0!important; } .ua4d8261791ef80ff76907a27d6af5693 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua4d8261791ef80ff76907a27d6af5693 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua4d8261791ef80ff76907a27d6af5693:active , .ua4d8261791ef80ff76907a27d6af5693:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua4d8261791ef80ff76907a27d6af5693 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua4d8261791ef80ff76907a27d6af5693 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua4d8261791ef80ff76907a27d6af5693 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua4d8261791ef80ff76907a27d6af5693 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua4d8261791ef80ff76907a27d6af5693:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua4d8261791ef80ff76907a27d6af5693 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua4d8261791ef80ff76907a27d6af5693 .ua4d8261791ef80ff76907a27d6af5693-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua4d8261791ef80ff76907a27d6af5693:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Homeopathy (2683 words) EssaySome of the predicted changes to the Earths climate due to this continual rise inGreen House Gases are: increase in mean surface air temperature, increase in global meanrates of precipitation and evaporation, rising of sea levels. An increase in the surface airtemperature would cause rates of evaporation to increase, causing the water vapor in theair to rise. The positive feedback to the surface temperature increase is that is will lead toa more intense hydrological cycle, with more precipitation events (Kattenberg). Anotherpossible consequence of greenhouse gas induced climate change is elevated sea levels. The main cause for sea level fluctua tion is due to thermal expansion and the melting ofglaciers, both are responses to higher air temperatures. Measurements taken from 93 to98 indicate a melt rate from Greenlands ice sheet of 1 meter a year (Krabill). There havebeen measurements of the sea levels also, they indicate a rise of about 10 25 cm a year(Douglas). All of these predictions were made by constructing models that help scientistpredict the climate change if the Green House Gases continue to rise at a steady rate. Although scientist are fairly confident in these models there is room for error in thesemodels. Despite the gains there are a number of features of the climate system that arestill crudely represented in climate models. The models are restricted in their ability toaccurately represent terrain effects and to simulate processes that occur on a smaller scale. Other shortcomings in the climate models is their inability to actually portray the effects ofaerosols, precipitation, and clouds and changes in solar irradiance. For these and otherreasons there remains scientific uncertainties in model predictions, including uncertaintiesin the predictions of local effects of climate change, occurrence of extreme weatherevents, effects of aerosols, changes in clouds, shifts in precipitation, and even changes inocean circulation (Hansen ). Aerosols are a big concern for model analysts, because aerosols are a principlesource of uncertainty in modeling climate changes during the industrial period. Aerosolsscatter and absorb short wave (solar) radiation and modify the reflectivity of clouds. Botheffects are thought to decrease the abortion of short wave radiation by the Earth, coolingthe climate, even though the troposphere aerosols only last a day in the atmosphere(Charlson). Green House Gases are related to the warming of the Earth, but the future of theclimate is not yet know, or predicted. So many variables make up the atmosphere and itsclimate, no model can accurately predict the future. Natural Earth warmers like watervapor and clouds also contribute to the warming trend. The Earths records of ice agesand tree rings can only paint a very small piece of this huge picture. scientist are at adisadvantage because they are not able to see the Earths full past, as an instructor of mineonce said- they cannot predict th e future of climate patterns when they have only beenstudding the atmosphere for the last 100 years. Science

Romeo And Juliet With Fate Essays - Characters In Romeo And Juliet

Romeo And Juliet With Fate One view of the play sees Romeo and Juliet as victims of fate. To what extent do you agree with this? Having a complex plot, and too many deeply involved characters, we cannot simply state that Romeo and Juliet were purely victims of fate. The tragic deaths of Romeo and Juliet, and the play itself, are anchored on three notions: that of fate, chance and choice. Fate contributed, though it was not the sole factor in the deaths of the young lovers. The many ?unstoppable' events, Shakespeare's telling us of their love being told in the stars, and the ancient grudge between the families, are prime examples of fate being a part of Romeo and Juliet. Chance in the undetermined figure in Romeo and Juliet, with coincidence and misadventure playing in every readers mind as the many events unfold. Choice; vital decisions by each character, and judgments based on what an individual believed to be right or wrong, once again shows how many varied outcomes there may have been. At the end of the day though, due to fate, chance and choice, Romeo and Juliet committed suicide together, completing a tragic five days in which they fell in love, married and eventually died. Romeo and Juliet, many believe, was a tragedy brought upon by destiny. Fate may well have brought Romeo and Juliet together, or at least contributed along the rocky path to their deaths. Many events were shaped as fate in Romeo and Juliet. If Mercutio was indeed destined to die, then perhaps the entire tragedy was unavoidable. Romeo, often foreseeing fate, indicates this as he tries to stop Tybalts and Mercutios brawling: "Gentlemen, for shame, forbear this outrage!" And again after killing Tybalt: "O, I am Fortunes fool." Fate may have also had it that Friar John was unable to deliver the important message to the banished Romeo. These key events, among others, have extended the role of fate past the prologue. Fate by the stars, is given to us a factor in Romeo and Juliet's deaths. In the prologue where we are told, "A pair of star-cross'd lovers take their lives." From this, it is easy to see that Shakespeare wanted us to have the idea of Romeo and Juliet being killed by fate heavily weighing on our minds. Another look at the play being determined by the stars sees Romeo trying to alter fates destructive path: "Is it e'en so? Then I defy you, stars!", Romeo exclaims, saying that fate has played role enough; he will dictate what is to come. Once inside the tomb with Juliet, Romeo again challenges fate: "Will I set up my everlasting rest, or shake the yoke of inauspicious stars." Even as the stars supposedly hold the fate of Romeo and Juliet, the families of Montague and Capulet still have much to contribute. Once again, the prologue introduces us to fate, this time from a family perspective. "From ancient grudge break to new mutiny...From forth the fatal loins of these two foes..." Here we are again given the thought that Romeo and Juliet are destined to die, and that the bitter feud between their families has a major part to play. Especially by using the word ?from,' it tells us that as a result of the two quarreling families, there is destined to be a death toll. "What's in a name?" A love-sick Juliet complains of her ill-fate of being Capulet, as does Romeo of being Montague, when he tells a servant, "Ay, mine own fortune in my misery." This illustrates as the story progresses, that like Juliet, he cares not of a name. The role of fate in their families' plans and histories, and by the stars, is shown in many instances, saying that the deaths of Romeo and Juliet may have been predetermined and unavoidable. Chance: coincidence and misadventure, may well have brought the downfall of Romeo and Juliet. The ever analytical Juliet ponders the role of coincidence in her new found love: "My only love sprung from my only hate! Too early seen unknown, and known too late!" Perhaps the irony of coincidence lies in the only true love each Romeo and Juliet found was in that "of a loathed enemy." A major coincidence that shaped the entire story, would be the chance meeting by Romeo and Benvolio with a servant who could not read. "My master is the great rich Capulet; and if you be not of the house of Montagues, I pray you come and crush a cup of

Poetry Analysis Essay the Relationship between Form and Content

Poetry Analysis Essay the Relationship between Form and Content Poetry Analysis Essay: the Relationship between Form and Content If you have been assigned with the task of writing a poetry analysis essay you may be wondering where to begin and what details you should cover when discussing a particular piece. Here are some tips that you can use to make this task more manageable and, in the course of your writing, gain a deeper understanding of the particular poem you are discussing. Many students will analyze a poem using a few common factors. These include: The language that is used in the piece itself including the choice of specific words by the poet; Specific imagery that the poet chose to include in the poem; The social factors that may have affected the poet when writing a specific poem. This is the content part here and all of these factors are very important for you to look at when you are writing a poetry analysis essay and all three of them look at the same element: the actual words that the poet used. However, when you limit yourself to examining the language itself, there is a lot of meaning and nuance that you are potentially missing out. What Poetry Is about? On the surface, it may appear as though a poet is trying to convey one meaning. After spending time digging down deeper into the poem and looking at it more closely it may become more evident that the poet had an entirely different thought or meaning in mind when he or she wrote a particular piece of a verse. When you look at the content and form separately, you have two different aspects that draw varied pictures. But when you analyze these two factors together, they can illustrate a very different story because a particular form can strengthen or weaken the utterance of an author and that must be taken into account. With that in mind, while looking into the form you need to pay attention to: How the verses are broken up; What the rhyming structure is; Whether the poet uses the traditional iambic pentameter system for their poem or a different metric system; Whether particular sections are repeated for effect or to convey a message. Each of these parts can affect a poem’s meaning and discounting them may lead to the fact that you miss what the writer is trying to say. For example, if a poet continues to repeat certain structures in a particular piece, it may mean that the theme expressed in the echo is much more important than you may initially believe. How Do You Break down the Poem and Make It Easier to Analyze? Breaking down the poem can actually make it easier to analyze. It is helpful to first look at the poet themselves. Finding out about their life and the era in which they lived can give you some valuable insight that may help you accurately analyze what they have written. Breaking the poem down stanza by stanza and looking at the form of each verse can help you look for the clues and information that you will want to include in your essay. For example, you can look at important elements such as: The tone of each verse. Does it change throughout the course of the poem? Does this tonal change contain important information about the poem? What is the structure of the stanza itself? Does it stay consistent throughout or is a particular verse written in a different structure? Is that differing structure repeated throughout the piece or is it simply an anomaly meant to highlight a particular image or idea? Which Aspects of the Poems Form Should You Focus on? If you are writing an essay and want to discuss the form of a piece you may be unsure of how to work these discussion points into the body of your essay. It doesn’t have to be hard if you keep a few important steps in mind. The first is to figure out what the thesis or basic idea behind your essay will be. This can help you by narrowing down specific stylistic points to focus on. Sometimes the style or form of a poem can be complicated and trying to write about every aspect of it may be overwhelming and may even seem confusing and disorganized for the reader. By narrowing down your commentary to specific aspects of a poem’s style you may find it easier to get your point across and lead your reader to the conclusion you want them to make. Once you start looking at a particular poem in depth you will begin to see how a stylistic point can become more or less important and this will help you determine whether it has a place in your essay or not. At you can buy an essay online which will be 100% custom written from scratch. All you need is to place your order  at our site!

Useful Mandarin Phrases for the Mid-Autumn Festival

Useful Mandarin Phrases for the Mid-Autumn Festival One of the most important holidays in Chinese culture is the Mid-Autumn Festival, also known as Moon Festival. Since the Moon Festival is at harvest time, it is a good occasion to celebrate the abundance of Mother Nature. Moon Festival is a time to gather with family and friends under the full moon sky while eating moon cake, pomelo fruit, and barbecued delicacies. Moon Festival Date Moon Festival falls on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month, so the date on the Gregorian calendar is different from year to year, but it is always on the full moon. The dates for Moon Festival are as follows: 2018 - September 242019 -  September 132020 - October 12021 - September 212022 - September 10 History of Moon Festival As with most Chinese festivals, there is a story to go along with Moon Festival. There are many versions of the Moon Festival legend, but most of them involve the archer Hou Yi and his wife Chang’e. Many years ago, there were ten suns in the sky. Crops could not grow and rivers ran dry, so the people were dying of hunger and thirst. Hou Yi took his bow and arrows and shot down nine of the ten suns, saving the people. As a reward, the Western Queen Mother gave Hou Yi a potion. If Hou Yi shares that potion with his wife, they will both live forever, but if only one of them takes the potion, he or she will become a god. Hou Yi and Chang’e plan to take the potion together. But one of Hou Yi’s enemies, Feng Meng, hears about the potion and plans to steal it. One night, on a full moon, Feng Meng kills Hou Yi, then forces Chang’e to give him the potion. Rather than give the evil man the potion, Chang’e drinks it all herself. She starts to rise into heaven, but she feels a close connection to the world of the mortals, and wants to stay close to them, so she stops at the moon, the closest body to earth. Moon Cakes The traditional food of Moon Festival is Moon Cake, which is a pastry stuffed with filling such as egg yolk, lotus seed paste, red bean paste, coconut, walnuts, or dates. The tops of Moon cakes usually have Chinese characters representing longevity or harmony. Moon Festival Vocabulary Here are some Mandarin phrases for Mid-Autumn Festival: Audio links are marked with ââ€" º English Pinyin Traditional Characters Simplified Characters Moon Festival zhng qi ji Hou Yi Hu Y Change Chng moon cake yu bng admiring the moon shng yu reunion tun yun barbecue ko ru pomelo fruit yuzi give presents sngl

Chemical Castration of Pedophiles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 19500 words

Chemical Castration of Pedophiles - Essay Example There is considerÐ °ble clinicÐ °l reseÐ °rch focusing on violent sexuÐ °l offenders, including child molesters. The relÐ °tionship of T to Ð °ggressive sexuÐ °l behÐ °vior in men hÐ °s Ð °lso been extensively reseÐ °rched Ð °nd some studies hÐ °ve shown positive correlÐ °tions between plÐ °smÐ ° T levels Ð °nd sexuÐ °l Ð °ggression. The chemicÐ °l cÐ °strÐ °tion treÐ °tment of sexuÐ °l offenders is Ð ° chemicÐ °l method of reducing the sexuÐ °l drive Ð °nd consequently Ð °ffecting the sexuÐ °l behÐ °vior of sexuÐ °l offenders. It hÐ °s been Ð °ssumed thÐ °t the direction of sexuÐ °l drive wÐ °s unÐ °ffected. Recent work with cyproterone Ð °cetÐ °te (CHEMICÐ L CÐ STRÐ TION) showed differentiÐ °l effects on sexuÐ °l Ð °rousÐ °l pÐ °tterns with Ð ° reduction of pedophilic sexuÐ °l Ð °rousÐ °l but less effect on the sexuÐ °l Ð °rousÐ °l to Ð °dult mutuÐ °lly consenting heterosexuÐ °l intercourse. Cyproterone Ð °cetÐ °te hÐ °s chemicÐ °l cÐ °strÐ °tionic, Ð °ntigonÐ °drotropic, Ð °nd progestÐ °tionÐ °l effects (LiÐ °ng et Ð °l., 1977). Its principÐ °l mode of Ð °ction is on the Ð °ndrogen receptors. CHEMICÐ L CÐ STRÐ TION blocks the intrÐ °cellulÐ °r T uptÐ °ke, the intrÐ °cellulÐ °r metÐ °bolism of the Ð °ndrogens Ð °s well Ð °s the receptor binding (MÐ °inwÐ °ring, 1977). CHEMICÐ L CÐ STRÐ TION Ð °ppeÐ °rs to hÐ °ve Ð ° mÐ °in effect on receptors thÐ °t hÐ °ve Ð ° high Ð °ffinity for dihydrotestosterone (DHT). CHEMICÐ L CÐ STRÐ TION hÐ °s both desirÐ °ble Ð °nd undesirÐ °ble side effects Ð °nd those influencing sexuÐ °l behÐ °vior Ð °re desirÐ °ble in the treÐ °tment of the pedohiliÐ °. he side effects Ð °re, to Ð ° lÐ °rge degree, dose dependent.... It is these individuls who need to be treted using chemicl pproch in ddition to cognitive behviouril therpy. Further, pedophili lone is very severe public helth problem of stggering proportions, with between 6 nd 62% of girls nd 10 to 30% of boys being the victims of sexul buse in childhood ccording to vrious studies (Peters, Wytt, & Finkelhor, 1986). Furthermore, in the United Sttes the costs of incrcerting individuls convicted of sexully busing children is stggering, with more thn two billion dollrs spent in 1990, while t the sme time there is no evidence tht the deterrence of incrcertion hs ny impct on the problem (Pithers et l., 1995). t this time, no one is certin of the cuse of pedophili nd other sexul devitions. In ddition, the ctul incidence nd prevlence of the pedohili is unknown. The level of sexul buse victimiztion of children in the generl popultion tody is firly consistent with tht reported by Kinsey (Gebhrd & Johnson, 1979). In study completed in the 1940s, 24% of 4,000 femles surveyed disclosed sexul interction with mle t lest five yers older thn them when they were 14 yers of ge or younger (Gebhrd & Johnson, 1979). Sexul intercourse occurred in 93% of cses, nd in 31% of cses there ws mild petting or fondling without involvement of the genitls. ntionl survey by the Federl Government of Cnd on sexul violence ginst children nd dolescents found tht 18.1% of children (23.5% of femles nd 12.8% of mles) were victims of childhood sexul buse. In only 20% of cses were the perpetrtors strngers, with friends, cquintnces, prents, nd other fmily members being the perpetrtors in the mjority of cses (Federl Government of Cnd, 1984). The ctul levels of the prevlence of pedophili in the generl popultion is unknown, but it

My Grandmothers Bedroom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

My Grandmothers Bedroom - Essay Example One could not fail to notice the jasmine smell and the sweet scent of flowers that was right in front of her balcony. My grandmother had planted a lot of Chinese plants which she had valued them as medicinal through their good scent. Her green stripped door always reminded me of her favorite colors which he had grown fond of since childhood. The doorknob to the bedroom is aluminum plated one, which when touched, sends shivers down your spine as it is always cold. In opening her door, no one could fail to notice the sultry scent that passed through one's nostrils. The place had poor lighting as all the windows had been locked; hence one had to grapple with the main light switch at the right-hand side of the entrance so as to have light. Getting the switch is not an easy task too as your eyes maneuver through the dark lit room. After finding it, one always made a sign of relief as the place is just creepy. The first thing one always notices after switching on the lights in the bedroom is an old black sewing machine positioned in the center of the room. The machine has never been used for over 10 years and as far as I can remember, my mother ever told me that it was the best gift which my grandfather gave to her when they got married. One could not fail to notice how dusty it looked. Furthermore, on the furthest corner of the room, an old hanging clock existed. Though old, it still functioned. Dusty and hanging clumsily on the wall, no one could notice that the wall clock had been there for the past 20 years. Next, to it, there were three pictures, one for my grandmother, one for my grandmother and a picture of Virgin Mary. My grandmother was a Catholic and one could not fail to notice a rosary hang next to Virgin Mary’s portrait. This came as a surprise as most Chinese do not actually believe in Religion.

Obesity in Children Essay Example for Free

Obesity in Children Essay Conclusion Because the rate of childhood obesity is increasing at a disturbing rate, experts fear that this will cause a remarkable load of illness in the future of our children even now a growing number of diabetic young adults is becoming a norm. Preventing, identifying and treating of children and adolescents who are obese are becoming a core medical intervention priority for the government and all concerned institutions. Since there is not clear answer as to how and why children become obese and currently a variety of reasons blamed for this obesity including genetics, culture, habits, individual practice, parental practice, sedentary lifestyle, poor eating habits and such. Research at the molecular level has been progressing, but there is no actual understanding as to the whole image from a biological viewpoint. One might realize that there is no singular factor that can be blamed for a child becoming overweight or obese, it is a combination of factors that plays a role in promote obesity. The increasing obesity rates not only in adults but also in children these trends, in conjunction with obesity’s medical, psychological, and economic effects, emphasize the need for interventions and policy advice aimed at preventing obesity. Directives to remove soft drinks from public schools have started in some cities but despite the variety and number of researches done on the topic of obesity one may note that it remains to be a critical health problem. It seems that there are no enough intervention programs that have taken place in order to curve the problem. It is noted that not enough is being done in order to stop the rising trend of obese children but time has come that it must be addressed as a rising and critical problem that needs immediate attention if we are to cultivate healthy children. It will be noted that as children are obese and they are reaching their adolescence, the decrease in physical activity and the predilection to junk foods, fast foods and such also decreases the mental capacity of the child in a sense that they are more apt to laziness because of decreased energy rather go to school and participate in class, most of them are sleepy and usually uncomfortable in their own skins. It is of note that this problems if persistent will make for a bleak future for our children, since the society is cultivating lazy, fat children who will turn out to be lazy fat adults. One can imagine how it would be like in the future. Promotion of a healthy lifestyle not only for our children but for ourselves as well should be a major thrust of the government if curving the current situation is to be achieved. The thought at a young age children will be subjected to diseases and concern that is normally associated with the elderly and geriatric patients should be carefully considered and rejected. In developing an afterschool wellness program the author notes that it is not as simple as devising exercise plans for the children. It is a holistic approach that requires a multifaceted planning that includes education, healthy diet plans and the actual activity period. And it is also noted by the writer that in order to curve obesity in children, drastic measures must be employed not only by the obese children themselves but the whole family and the whole community. Developing healthy eating habits and leisure activity changes require changes that involve the family in order for the child not feel left out or forlorn. It is also of note that simple family physical activities will help curve obesity. One may realize that everything starts out at home and spilled over to the school then to the community. If we wish to curve obesity in children and protect our children’s health it is imperative that the community in particular and the nation in general work hand in hand so that attention maybe given and directives to promote healthy eating in schools and within the community be fostered and community get togethers that involves physical activities, community dances in the park, weekend exercise program for the community can be facilitated by the general community so that everyone may take part in keeping the family and our children healthier and live fuller lives. References: Abbott Laboratories (2003) MERIDIA (sibutramine hydrochloride manohydrate). Product information. In Physician’s Desk Reference. Montvale, NJ, Thompson PDR, 2003, p. 475–480 Blocker D Freudenberg N (2001) Developing Comprehensive Approachesto Prevention and Control of Obesity Among Low-Income, Urban, African-American Women, Journal of the American Medical Women’s AssociationVol. 56, No. 2 pp. 59-64 Bray GA: Use and abuse of appetite-suppressant drugs in the treatment of obesity. Ann Intern Med 119:707–713, 1993 Centers for Disease Control, (1997) Guidelines for School and Community Programs to Promote Lifelong Physical Activity Among Young People. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 1997; 46 (RR-6); 1-36 Center for Disease Control (2007) Body mass index. Retrieved 22 April 2008 from http://www. cdc. gov/nccdphp/dnpa/bmi/index. htm Davidson MH, Hauptman J, DiGiorlamo M, Foreyt JP, Halstead CH, Heber D, Heimburger DC, Lucas CP, Robbins DC, Chung J, Heymsfeld SB: Weight control and risk factor reduction in obese subjects treated for 2 years with orlistat: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 281:235–242, 1999 Dietz, W.H. , Gortmaker, S. L. (1985). Do we fatten our children at the television set? Obesity and television viewing in children and adolescents. Pediatrics, 75(5), 807-812. Dietz, W. H. (1983). Childhood obesity: Susceptibility, cause, and management. Journal of Pediatrics, 103(5), 676-686. Dr. Paul. Retrieved 27 April 2008 from http://www. drpaul. com/illnesses/overweight. html ExRx. net. Retrieved 26 April 2008 from http://www. exrx. net/FatLoss/ChildObesityIntervention. html Epstein, L. H. , Wing, R. R. , Koeske, R. , Valoski, A. (1987). Long-term effects of family-based treatment of childhood obesity. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55(1), 91-95. EJ 352 076. Freudenberg N, Eng E, Flay B, Parcel G,Rogers T, Wallerstein N. Strengthening individual and community capacity to prevent disease and promote health: In search of relevant theories and principles. Health Educ Q. 1995;22:290-306. Gortmaker, S. L. , Dietz, W. H. , Sobol, A. M. , Wehler, C. A. (1987). Increasing pediatric obesity in the United States. American Journal of Diseases of Children, 141, 535-540. Graves, T. , Meyers, A. W. , Clark, L. (1988). An evaluation of parental problem-solving training in the behavioral treatment of childhood obesity. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56(2), 246-250. James WP, Astrup A, Finer N, Hilsted J, Kopelman P, Rossner S, Saris WH, Van Gaal LF(2000) Effect of sibutramine on weight maintenance after weight loss: a randomized trial. Lancet 356:2119–2125, 2000 Litchfield R, Nelson D, Koch J, (2004), Guide to healthy kids: What parents can do, Iowa State University – University Extension. Iowa. Kien C, Chiodo A (2003) Physical activity in middle school-aged children participating in a school-based recreation program. Archives of pediatrics and adolescent medicine 157(8):811-5 Lohman, T. G. (1987). The use of skinfolds to estimate body fatness on children and youth. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation Dance, 58(9), 98-102. McLeroy KR, Bibeau D, Steckler A, Glanz K. (1988) An ecological perspective on health promotion programs. Health Education Q. 1988;15:351-377. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (1998) Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults: the evidence report. Obesity Research 6:51S–210S National Institute of Health, NIH Publication No. 97-4096 retrieved 26 April 2008 from http://adam. about. com/care/weightloss/weight_child. html. Roberts S, Savage J. , Coward W. , Chew B. , Lucas, A. (1988). Energy expenditure and intake in infants born to lean and overweight mothers. The New England Journal of Medicine, 318, 461-466. Ross, J Pate R. (1987). The National Children and Youth Fitness Study II: A summary of findings. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation and Dance, 58(9), 51-56. EJ 364 411 Serdula, MK, Ivery, D, Coates, RJ, (1993) Do obese children become obese adults? A review of the literature. Preventive Medicine 1993; 22: 167-177. St. Vincents Health (2004), Bariatric weight loss center of excellence, Retrieved 27 April 2008 from http://www.stvincent. org/ourservices/bariatrics/about/causes/default. htm Sjostrom L, Rissanen A, Andersen T, Boldrin M, Golay A, Koppeschaar HPF, Krempf M: Randomized placebo-controlled trial of orlistat for weight loss and prevention of weight regain in obese patients. Lancet 352:167–172, 1998 The National Association for Sport and Physical Education (NASPE). NASPE releases first ever physical activity guidelines for pre-adolescent children. 1-2. 5-13-1998. NASPE. Wadden TA, Berkowitz RI, Sarwer DB, Prus-Wisniewski R, Steinberg C (2001) Benefits of lifestyle modification in the pharmacologic treatment of obesity: a randomized trial.Archives of Internal Medicine 161:218–227, 2001 Whitaker, RC, Wright, JA, Pepe, MS, Seidel, KD, Dietz, WH. (1997) Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childhood and parental obesity. New England Journal of Medicine 1997; 337: 869-73. Wolf, M. C. , Cohen, K. R. , Rosenfeld, J. G. (1985). School-based interventions for obesity: Current approaches and future prospects. Psychology in the Schools, 22, 187-200. Understanding Childhood Obesity (1999) Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, Yanovski SZ, Yanovski JA: Obesity. N Engl J Med 346:591–602, 2002.

The First Triumvirate :: Ancient Rome Roman History

The First Triumvirate "3 paragraphs, why did Caesar, Pompey and Crassus need the (amicittia) First Triumvirate." Crassus' motives for the need for the First Triumvirate according to Scullard are as follows, "Crassus supported a request from a company of tax-gatherers that the Senate should adjust a bad bargain which they had made in contracting for the taxes of Asia." His supporters had found out that Asia had been 'economically raped' due to the Mithradatic wars, where Asia was sandwiched. Cato, basically turning Crassus' political career towards the wall and going nowhere, rejected the one-third rebate. This was really bad in political terms his career had stagnated for such a politically ambitious man. Pompey's motives for the need of the First Triumvirate are according to Scullard both political and personal. As Scullard seems to suggest, " ... Pompey had been rebuffed by the Optimates in both his private and public life. Cato rejected a suggestion that Pompey should marry one of his relations, but of greater importance was Pompey's double request that his eastern settlement should be ratified by the Senate and that land should be provided for his veterans." Pompey who had promised his veterans land. The way he disbanded his army and approached the Senate alone requesting his reasonable requests seems to suggest that he was fairly confident that he had achieved enough, and that the Senate would pass the request, but instead the Senate rejected his requests. A few attempts where made to pass the land bill for his troops with the use of Afranius and Metellus Celer both proved ineffective. His political career had too stagnated and hit the wall, this would be going nowhere. The senate rejecting the ratification of the eastern settlement, which is perfectly normal due to the fact that sources suggest that Pompey did it on his own, will and did not consult the senate, so the even though what he did was an extraordinary achievement the Senate can say no and so they did. Caesar upon arriving back from his outstanding success, in Spain he paid back his enormous debt to Crassus and still a multi millionare. On his return he wanted a triumph and the consulship, but since he could not as a commander enter the city to stand for election, he asked the Senate for permission to stand in absentia. "Though there were precedents, the Senate refused." Caesar abandoned his triumph and entered Rome as an ordinary candidate.

Business Studies Customer Needs Essay Essay

‘Lees Heginbotham & Sons Ltd ’provide floor covering and high quality carpets all over the UK. The services that it provides are: * free estimating, * free carpet removal, * a quality fitting to your standard * a free car park adjacent to the shop. * Competition? ‘Lees Heginbotham & Sons Ltd’ has quite a bit of competition. It is placed close to the ‘Spindles Shopping Centre’. Also there is another carpet shop quite close by to ‘Lees Heginbotham & Sons Ltd’ called ‘Roll Ends’. But ‘Lees Heginbotham & Sons Ltd’ is placed just off a high street and advertises around the country. Also, just about a mile away is another carpet shop, placed in the middle of a retail park. This could offer some competition for ‘Lees Heginbotham & Sons Ltd’. This is an image of the carpet right about a mile away from ‘Lees Heginbotham & Sons Ltd’.’Carpet Right’ is surrounded by other shops and is placed in a retail park. This is a bonus for customers to go to ‘Carpet Right’ because there are other furniture/carpet shops in the retail park and a there is a bigger car park. ‘Carpet Right’ is also placed around a busy motorway, so this means that many people passing will know that there is a carpet shop and probably go there in the future. * Where is it? This map shows ‘Lees Heginbotham & Sons Ltd’ symbolised by the ‘A’ marker. This shows the regional area around the shop. As you can see, the shop is near to Manchester and has an excellent motorway link which can enable customers to travel to the shop conveniently. The satellite map above shows ‘Lees Heginbotham & Sons Ltd’ via the green circle. It also shows ‘Spindles Shopping Centre’ by the red circle. The blue circle shows ‘Lees Heginbotham & Sons Ltd’ competition ‘Roll End Carpets’. The map also shows the surrounding area of the shop and the local businesses of the shop. There are also a number of bus stops around the shop; this allows customers to travel to the business easily. There is also a tram link currently being made on ‘Union Street’ and this will then enable customers to travel to the shop easily and quickly. * The shop The picture above shows the front of the shop. As you can see the name of the business is clearly displayed all the way round it. This picture shows the inside of the shop. As you can see there are many rolls of carpets on display so the customers can experience the carpets before they buy it. This picture shows the rear of the shop. As you can see there is a car park for the customers. * The website This is a screen shot of the Google search I did to see how easy it was to find my business on the internet. As you can see it is the fifth business to come up on the search engine so it is very easy for the customers to find it. Here is a screenshot of the home page of ‘Lees Heginbotham & Sons Ltd’. You can see easily one of the types of carpets that they fit and in the bottom right hand corner their shop (the red circle). At the top of the page it shows the tabs which direct customers easily to the relevant section (the green circle). One way that ‘Lees Heginbotham & Sons Ltd’ meets its customer need is by training its staff. They do this so that the staff know how to do their job and deal with any customers. Training them helps the staff to know how to deal with any problems in the business and what to do in different situations. Training the staff also gives them better knowledge of the product itself so that they can advise customers as to what carpet would suit their budget and requirements the best. A second way that ‘Lees Heginbotham & Sons Ltd’ meets customer needs is by the quality of their service. They have to do this to eliminate and exceed whatever their competition is doing. A way that they do this is by giving its customers: free estimating, free carpet removal, a quality fitting to your standard and a free car park adjacent to the shop. By doing this ‘Lees Heginbotham’ can add this to and advertisement and this will increase customer satisfaction. A third way that ‘Lees Heginbotham & Sons Ltd’ meets customer needs is by dealing with any complaints from customers. If there are any customer complaints ‘Lees Heginbotham & Sons Ltd’ will have to deal with it immediately. ‘Lees Heginbotham & Sons Ltd’ will have to be polite with the customer even if they are not. If ‘Lees Heginbotham & Sons Ltd’ deal with a customer complaint quickly this might increase customer satisfaction.

India: Foreign Trade Policy

India: Foreign Trade PolicyAlthough India  has steadily opened up its economy, its tariffs continue to be high when compared with other countries, and its investment norms are still restrictive. This leads some to see India as a ‘rapid globalizer’ while others still see it as a ‘highly protectionist’ economy.Till the early 1990s, India  was a closed economy: average tariffs exceeded 200 percent,  quantitative restrictions on imports  were extensive, and there were stringent restrictions on foreign investment. The country began to cautiously reform in the 1990s, liberalizing only under conditions of extreme necessity. Since that time, trade reforms have produced remarkable results. India’s trade to GDP ratio has increased from 15 percent to 35 percent of GDP  between 1990 and 2005, and the economy is now among the fastest growing in the world.Average non-agricultural tariffs have fallen below 15 percent, quantitative restrictions  on import s  have been eliminated, and foreign investments norms have been relaxed for a number of sectors. India  however retains its right to protect when need arises. Agricultural tariffs average between 30-40 percent, anti-dumping measures have been liberally used to protect trade, and the country is among the few in the world that continue to ban foreign investment in retail trade. Although this policy has been somewhat relaxed recently, it remains considerably restrictive.Nonetheless, in recent years, the government’s stand on trade and investment policy has displayed a marked shift from protecting ‘producers’ to benefiting ‘consumers’. This is reflected in its  Foreign Trade Policy for 2004/09  which states that, â€Å"For India to become a major player in world trade †¦ we have also to facilitate those imports which are required to stimulate our economy. â€Å"India  is now aggressively pushing for a more liberal global trade regime, e specially in services. It has assumed a leadership role among developing nations in global trade negotiations, and played a critical part in the Doha  negotiations.Regional and Bilateral Trade AgreementsIndia  has recently signed trade agreements with its neighbors and is seeking new ones with the East Asian countries and the United States. Its regional and bilateral trade agreements – or variants of them – are at different stages of development:   * India-Sri Lanka Free Trade Agreement, * Trade Agreements with Bangladesh, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Maldives, China, and South Korea. * India-Nepal Trade Treaty, * Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement (CECA) with Singapore. Framework Agreements with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), Thailand and Chile. Preferential Trade Agreements with   Afghanista, Chile, and Mercosur (the latter is a trading zone between Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, and Paraguay). World Bank InvolvementAs a number of research i nstitutions in the country provide the Government with good, just-in-time, and low-cost analytical advice on trade-related issues, the World Bank has focused on providing analysis on specialized subjects at the Government’s request.In the last three years, the Bank has been working with the Ministry of Commerce in a participatory manner to help the country develop an informed strategy for domestic reform and international negotiations. Given the sensitivity of trade policy and negotiation issues, the Bank’s role has been confined to providing better information and analysis than was previously available to India’s policymakers.World Bank ReportsOver the last two years, the World Bank has completed two reports:Sustaining India’s Services Revolution: Access to Foreign Markets, Domestic Reforms and International Negotiation:  The study concludes that  to sustain the dynamism of India’s services sector, the country must address two critical challen ges: externally, the problem of actual and potential protectionism; and domestically, the persistence of restrictions on trade and investment, as well as weaknesses in the regulatory environment.From Competition at Home to Competing Abroad: The Case of Horticulture in India:  This study finds that the competitiveness of India’s horticulture sector depends critically on efficient logistics, domestic competition, and the ability to comply with international health, safety and quality standards. The study is based on primary surveys  across fifteen Indian States. A third study, dealing with barriers to the movement of professionals is under preparation.The Bank has also held a number of workshops and conferences with a view to providing different stakeholders with a forum to express their views on trade-related issues. | | | | | Permanent URL for this page:  http://go. worldbank. org/RJEB2JGTC0| | Publications| * Studies on India-Bangladesh Trade (Vol. 1 of 2)   * Studie s on India-Bangladesh Trade (Vol. 2 of 2)   * Sustaining India's Services Revolution  | | | | | | * Home  |   * Site Map  |   * Index  |   * FAQs  |   * Contact Us  |   * Search  |   *   RSS|

Educational Technology Essays

Educational Technology Essays Educational Technology Essay Educational Technology Essay Executive Summary Educational technology, also known variously as e-learning, instructional technology and learning technology is the use of technology to support the learning process. Though technology is used widely in the administration and management of education (i.e. student records, marketing, procurement, finance etc, for research purposes, educational technology is only concerned with technology as it impacts upon the learning process, such as delivering learning materials, facilitating communication and providing course assessment and feedback. Over the years, societyâ„ ¢s use of technology has become more frequent and complex. The demand for knowledge increases exponentially, with e-learning emerging as a major channel for meeting this demand. The key to a successful future educational technology is software and how it will be utilized. The future will be enhanced by software with PACE (presentability, accountability, customizability, and extensibility) characteristics. Introduction Research has shown that the era of pervasive technology has very significant implications for higher education. Nearly two-thirds (63%) of survey respondents from the public and private sectors say that technological innovation will have a major impact on teaching methodologies over the next five years (Consortium Glenn, 2008). Technology allows students to become much more engaged in constructing their own knowledge, and cognitive studies show that ability is key to learning success, says New York City-based Queens College vice-president of institutional advancement, Susan Henderson. Presentability is how the software appeals to the user. For e-learning students having three-dimensional graphics, enhanced stereo sound, and interactive devices that students can control and manipulate are all necessary elements of successful software. To enhance the appeal of the learning process, Software should also have varied presentation modes so it can be used the three ways people teach and learn: as a whole-class discussion to introduce ideas and concepts; with several users to support cooperative learning groups; and as individualized instruction, adapting to the needs and level of each user (this has been accomplished by online classrooms like WebTycho and Blackboard). Accountability is the second essential component of PACE. Evaluations of student work and course progress is what allows teachers to provide individual assistance and encouragement. This type of accountability was showcased with AMBA 640 for the three LREâ„ ¢s. Without some type of evaluation and objective accountability, educational software is useless. Customizability is the third essential element of sound educational software. Educational Technology should be malleable in the hands of the teacher so that it can be individualized to suite the needs for the different students. Extensibility is the final component of the PACE essentials for educational software. Software that is extensible is easy to augment, easy to take beyond its own environment, and supportive of the creation of new things. Recent surveys with business conclude that the most desirable traits in new employees are effective communication, ability to work with others, leadership, flexibility and maturity, resourcefulness, inquisitiveness, and the ability to learn. Software with the PACE characteristics supports the development of these very traits. Future of Educational Technology The future of educational technology is consists of, but not limited to: 2 Way Communication (We the Media via blog and podcast), Social Learning (Facebook + Ning + Wiki), Hands On Learning + Virtual Project Management, Mobile and iPhone (Handheld), Fundamental cultural and generational shift (Digital Natives), Real time distance learning (Skype + Oovoo and Wimba), Findability for academic content, and Entirely new communication + interaction + business models (Top Future Trends in Educational Technology and E-learning, 2009). Because online learning is gaining a firm foothold in universities around the world. More than two-thirds of respondents from academia say that their institutions offer online courses. Many of them, especially those with a public-service mandate, consider online learning key to advancing their mission, placing advanced education within reach of people who might otherwise not be able to access it (Consortium Glenn, 2008). There are three major reasons why e-learning will continue to grow in the future: (1) the economy has tanked. Most companies are trying to achieve cost savings using e-learning technologies (i.e. online training courses, Intranet modules). (2) Students make more of a conscious effort make better use of their money and time; they will find ways to take advantage of e-learning opportunities. (3) Green initiatives for corporations will also create a need for e-learning. Educational researchers have found that Technology has had†and will continue to have†a significant impact on higher education (Consortium Glenn, 2008). Nearly two-thirds (63%) of survey respondents from both the public and private sectors say that technological innovation will have a major influence on teaching methodologies over the next five years. In fact, technology will become a core differentiator in attracting students and corporate partners (Consortium Glenn, 2008). (2009, June 5). Retrieved September 10, 2010, from Top Future Trends in Educational Technology and E-learning: http://compassioninpolitics.wordpress.com/2009/06/05/top-future-trends-in-e-learning-and-educational-technology/ Consortium, T. N., Glenn, M. (2008). The future of higher education. Retrieved September 10, 2010, from nmc.org/pdf/Future-of-Higher-Ed-%28NMC%29.pdf

The Life and Work of the Ancient Greek Poet, Homer

The Life and Work of the Ancient Greek Poet, Homer Homer was the most important and earliest of the Greek and Roman writers. Greeks and Romans didnt count themselves educated unless they knew his poems. His influence was felt not only on literature but on ethics and morality via lessons from his masterpieces. He is the first source to look for information on Greek myth and religion. Yet, despite his prominence, we have no firm evidence that he ever lived. Homer and Hesiod have ascribed to the gods all things that are a shame and a disgrace among mortals, stealing and adulteries and deceiving on one another.- Xenophanes (a Pre-Socratic philosopher) The Life of the Blind Bard Because Homer performed and sang he is called a bard. He is thought to have been blind, and so is known as the blind bard, just as Shakespeare, calling on the same tradition, is known as the bard of Avon. The name Homer, which is an unusual one for the time, is thought to mean either blind or captive. If blind, it may have to do more with the portrayal of the Odyssean blind bard called Phemios than the poems composer. Homers Birthplaces and Date There are multiple cities in the ancient Greek world that lay the prestigious claim of being the birthplace of Homer. Smyrna is one of the most popular, but Chios, Cyme, Ios, Argos, and Athens are all in the running. The Aeolian cities of Asia Minor are most popular; outliers include Ithaca and Salamis. Plutarch provides a choice of Salamis, Cyme, Ios, Colophon, Thessaly, Smyrna, Thebes, Chios, Argos, and Athens, according to a table showing ancient authors who provided biographical information on Homer, in Lives of Homer (Continued), by T. W. Allen; The Journal of Hellenic Studies, Vol. 33, (1913), pp. 19-26. Homers death is less controversial, Ios being the overwhelming favorite. Since its not even clear that Homer lived, and since we dont have a fix on the location, it should come as no surprise that we dont know when he was born. He is generally considered to have come before Hesiod. Some thought him a contemporary of Midas (Certamen). Homer is said to have had two daughters (generally, the symbolic ones of the Iliad and the Odyssey), and no sons, according to West [citation below], so the Homeridai, who are referred to as Homers followers and rhapsodes themselves, cant really claim to be descendants, although the idea has been entertained. The Trojan War Homers name will always be linked with the Trojan War because Homer wrote about the conflict between Greeks and Trojans, known as the Trojan War, and the return voyages of the Greek leaders. He is credited with telling the whole story of the Trojan War, but that is false. There were plenty of other writers of what is called the epic cycle who contributed details not found in Homer. Homer and the Epic Homer is the first and greatest writer of the Greek literary form known as epic and so its in his work that people look for information about the poetic form. Epic was more than a monumental story, although it was that. Since bards sang stories from memory, they needed and used many helpfully mnemonic, rhythmic, poetic techniques that we find in Homer. Epic poetry was composed using a rigorous format.   Major Works Credited to Homer - Some in Error Even if the name isnt his, a figure we think of as Homer is considered by many to be the writer of the Iliad, and possibly the Odyssey, although there are stylistic reasons, like inconsistencies, to debate whether one person wrote both. An inconsistency that resonates for me is that Odysseus uses a spear in The Iliad, but is an extraordinary archer in the Odyssey. He even describes his bow prowess demonstrated at Troy [source: Notes on the Trojan War, by Thomas D. Seymour, TAPhA 1900, p. 88.]. Homer is sometimes credited, although less credibly, with the Homeric Hymns. Currently, scholars think these must have been written more recently than the Early Archaic period (aka the Greek Renaissance), which is the era in which the greatest Greek epic poet is thought to have lived. IliadOdysseyHomeric Hymns Homers Major Characters In Homers Iliad, the lead character is the quintessential Greek hero, Achilles. The epic states that it is the story of the wrath of Achilles. Other important characters of the Iliad are the leaders of the Greek and Trojan sides in the Trojan War, and the highly partisan, human-seeming gods and goddesses- the deathless ones. In The Odyssey, the lead character is the title character, the wily Odysseus. Other major characters include the family of the hero and the goddess Athena. Perspective Although Homer is thought to have lived in the early Archaic Age, the subject matter of his epics is the earlier, Bronze Age, Mycenaean era. Between then and when Homer may have lived there was a dark age. Therefore Homer is writing about a period about which there is not a substantial written record. His epics give us a glimpse of this earlier life and social hierarchy, although it is important to realize that Homer is a product of his own times, when the polis (city-state) was beginning, as well as the mouthpiece for stories handed down the generations, and so details may not be true to the era of the Trojan War. The Voice of the World In his poem, The Voice of the World, the 2nd-century Greek poet Antipater of Sidon, best known for writing about the Seven Wonders (of the ancient world), praises Homer to the skies, as can be seen in this public domain translation from the Greek Anthology: The herald of the prowess of heroes and the interpreter of the immortals, a second sun on the life of Greece, Homer, the light of the Muses, the ageless mouth of all the world, lies hid, O stranger, under the sea-washed sand.   Sources Reading Homer through Oral Tradition, by John Miles Foley;  College Literature, Vol. 34, No. 2, Reading Homer in the 21st Century (Spring, 2007).The Invention of Homer, by M. L. West;  The Classical Quarterly, New Series, Vol. 49, No. 2 (1999), pp. 364-382.

Panasonic- Participation Strategy in Brazil Essay

Panasonic- Participation Strategy in Brazil - Essay Example Organizations have a range of entry modes to choose from when entering a foreign market. The choice of entry mode depends on the specific requirements of the business. Primarily, it depends on the degree of control the business wants over its operations and the risk that the mode implies (Schmidt 2010, p.18). Depending on the level of control, entry modes can be grouped into high/full controls or low/shared controls. There are advantages and disadvantages to each mode of entry, which would be discussed subsequently. 3.1.1. Exporting Exporting is done by businesses who are intending to sell home-produced products in foreign countries. It is one of the most widely used modes of entry because of its simplicity. It saves the business the cost of setting up a production facility in the target country. It is preferable because it allows the business to penetrate the market slowly and steadily, without risking much. Although it gives an insight into future expansion, exporting, however, doe s not allow for a quick feedback to its customers. Exported products have tariffs levied on them and there are a number of logistical obstructions in delivering the product from the producer to the consumer (Ireland, Hoskisson and Hitt 2011, p.176). 3.1.2. Licensing Licensing is another choice, offering benefits such as lesser capital investment and evasion of trade barriers. It allows a firm operating in the target country to use the company’s intellectual property and resources for introducing the business; albeit under the control of the licensor. Thereby, licensing does not offering autonomy over operations; in fact it makes the licensee rely more on the licensor. Licensing has lesser risks associated with it but it does not promote profitability in the long run nor ensures if the licensor would not exploit the company’s resources, becoming a competitor itself (Ireland et al 2011, p.177). 3.1.3. Strategic alliances Strategic alliances are yet another form of entry mode whereby the business works together with a company based in the local market. On the foremost basis, it allows the firm to gain strategic advantages, bypass trade barriers and to gain economies of scale. However, it requires that a lot of research is undertaken to find a company with which to corroborate with. The consequences of working with a company whose values and core objectives are not aligned with the company expanding abroad can completely undermine the purpose of such a venture. The degree of control can also cause significant ripples (Anonym 2008, p.16). 3.1.4. Foreign Direct Investment Compared to other entry modes, this mode of entry is generally feasible and allows the organisation to gain complete ownership rights of the facility without any share with a partner. It offers the organisation greater control over its operations and allows a deeper insight into consumer behaviour in the target country. Companies which cannot export products due to their characteristi c nature benefit greatly from such direct investment (Cullen and Parboteeah 2008, p.283). However a major drawback of such a venture is that it is time-consuming and not only requires extensive knowledge and skills transfer, but is also demanding in terms of capital and management (Ireland et al 2009, p.159). It is also takes time to establish the brand

Wk2Journal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Wk2Journal - Assignment Example The vision of UNICEF is to develop a better world, where every individual can live a better life, while using the technology, skills, information and processes that are required to generate their individual solutions. The mission statement of UNICEF mainly talks about securing the rights of the children so that their basic needs are met and the children can develop their full potential under the best possible opportunities (UNICEF -1, 2013). Though the activities of UNICEF are quite broad in nature, however it is mostly focused on child survival, education, gender equality, policy development and partnerships. The funding of UNICEF is dependent on financial support from the governments as well various private donations. UNICEF is recognized as a not for profit organization and hence is exempt from tax under section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code (UNICEF -2, 2013). The challenges for UNICEF comprises of its ability to spread education and equality, fighting HIV and Aids and pr otecting children from violence. Through usage of strong data backed reports, the organization is trying to develop better policies, which will help in tackling the challenges. The organization faced a major crisis in 2012, when 1.1 million African children below the age of 5, faced the danger of acute malnutrition. The organization used social media for advocacy and fund raising activities and thereby successfully provided the needed treatment to over 920,000 children (UNICEF, 2012, p. 8). Apple is a US based multinational company, which is headquartered in California. Talking about a brief history of the organization, it can be said that the organization was founded in the year 1975 under the name of Apple Computers by the legendary Steve Jobs. The vision of apple is to be the global leader in innovation. The new mission statement talks about the company’s focus to simplify and gain perfection in its

The Moral Justification of Capitalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6500 words

The Moral Justification of Capitalism - Essay Example A peaceable community in that wisdom recognizes property rights; indeed, a property right is nothing but a right to go on with action involving the thing owned, on ones own provisos and standards, unless and until the user employs it to abuse the rights of others. Once we have these ready, we do not call for the discourses on tribal loyalty, custom, legislation, theories on what is moral or not and the like. Indeed, all those discourses and theories involve major costs and key liabilities to conflict. The essence of this paper is to give a description of the prevailing attitudes toward capitalism and the challenge to learn why those viewpoints are all completely erroneous. The body of this presentation will articulate some illusory claims to the contrary. The demand to look into the moral justification of capitalism is set on the prevailing attitudes that critics have drawn and the belief that the system is completely wrong and it has caused massive destruction in the economic and political realm. These misconceptions based on superstitions and stereotypes cause those without intellectual bravery to falter on their standpoints and beliefs in support of capitalism. The argument floated by critics of capitalism is not watertight. Reisman asserts that the profit motive, which in time has become the sole cause of starvation wages, drives capitalism. The critic’s further claim is that capitalism is the root cause of child labor, inflation and depressions caused by indiscriminate depletion of the resources of the planet. A further argument is that Capitalism is akin to imperialism and it is responsible for the unending wars, racism and tribalism. What is more, the enemies of capitalism blatantly challenge saving, a major attribute of capitalism, claiming it is a form of hoarding. When people compete for resources and profits, they use the laws governing competition and free market; laws that they say belong to the jungle.

History and Marketing Strategy of Apple Inc

History and Marketing Strategy of Apple Inc History and background of the company: The history and the back ground of Apple Inc which used to be Apple Computers, Inc when they first started in California USA and become a multinational company which started from scratch. Apple Inc mainly deal with consumer electronics, computer software and commercial servers. Apples most famous products are iPhone, iPod and Macintosh computers. Apple was formed by Steven Paul Jobs 21 and Stephen Gary Wozniak 25, they created a first Apple computer on 1st April 1976 named Apple I. Apple was incorporated in 1977 in California (Apple website, FAQ). For about 20 year Apple computers Inc was predominantly a manufacturer of personal computers that includes Power Mac, Apple I, Apple II, Apple III and Macintosh lines but also faced unstable sales and low market shares. Steven Job resign the company in 1985 due to infighting and he rejoin in 1996 as a CEO of the company. He brought with him a new corporate philosophy of identifiable product and simple design. Introducing a great success of iPod music player in 2001, Apple become a leader in consumer electronic industry, dropping computer from its name and keeping on to release the iPad and iPhone. And in present Apple is one of the biggest technology company in the world, with the revenue of over $60 billion per annum[ Hormby Thomas, A history of Apples Lisa, 1979-1986, Low End Mac, 6th October 2005] [Apple website]. Strategy and Implementation Philosophy of identifiable product and simple design help Apple maintain their growth in early 80s and a huge part of success is due to its leadership in the education sector, which was one of the brilliant business strategy, education environment provided Apple with a great amount of loyal users around the world. They started targeting into education sector in Cupertino California by a very important agreement between Steve Job and Jim Baroux of (LCSI) Logo Computer Systems Inc, which was an agreement to donate one Apple II and one Apple LOGO software package to every public school in Texas. The idea was great and the philosophy behind that was that if they donate one package to each school then this would result in thirty more packages to sell, which is estimated as the number of students in one classroom at least and ofcourse some more purchases are possible from parents who wants to support the technology to make their children to stay aware of technology, learn more and get fami liar. This significant agreement between Apple Inc and Logo Computer System Inc (LCSI) was a great success though out the State, which establish a very strong and constant presence for Apple in the schools throughout California. This become Apple IIs era in schools right across the United States and the leadership of Apple in education sector around the world continues in the most critical time of 1980s. Therefore Apple made it extremely well in education sector as well as in the families, as parents carry on supporting the learning experience for their children after school [Wikipedia, Article, Apple Inc]. Technology used and Product/Services: Apple Inc mainly deal with consumer electronics, computer software and commercial servers. Apple is an example of itself when comes to technology, the technology they introduce since they first launched and until today. Although there was issues in some software they introduced as well as their Operating system that it is not users friendly but Apple keep identifying the issue efficiently and effectively, for example using Microsofts Power point compare to Apples keynote which takes powerPoint apart and figures out how the files work that makes it more user friendly [Bill Thompson, 19th Sep 2007, BBC News]. They are famous to introduce the best touch sensor in their products which includes Mac, iPhone, iPod and iPad recently, best example is iPhone which is still the leader in smart phone technology and introduced the best touch screen system in the market so far. Apple have introduced various operating system for its products like Macintosh, PowerBook, iPod, iPad and iPhone. Apple always use their own Operating system in all of their products, one of the most famous operating system is iOS which is used in iPhone and OS X, Mac OS X is the worlds most advanced operating system. Built on UNIX foundation and designed simple as of this is one of the fundamentals of the company. This is why Mac have a reputation of innovative, compatible, highly secure and user friendly [Apple website, Mac OS X, Over view]. OS X series includes Snow Leopard which was unveiled on 8th of June 2009 and was available to purchase in Cupertino, California and on their website and by 28th of August 2009 in the market throughout the world [Apple website, library, Mac OS Snow Leopard]. Mac OS X Versions are Mac OS X Server 1.0, Public Beta, then from 10.0 to the Latest version is Mac OS X v10.6 Snow Leopard and 10.7 Lion announced on 20th of October 2010 and expected to release by 2011. Apple have also introduces digital cameras, portable CD audio players, speakers, video consoles and TV appliances [Wikipedia, Apple Inc, Mac OS X]. The main markets where Apple operates: Apple is a multinational company based in Cupertino, California and their product sales in more than 50 countries, one of the most recent successful product of Apple is iPhone, it is available in over 50 countries and more to be added in their network later and Apple iPhones are making their production company to increase their yearly products because the of their extreme success and they are selling it very well indeed and iPhones are increasing their market share day by day and quit fast. [Amit Bhawani, Information guide, Apple inc, smart phone launch, vodaphone] As the graph shows, their main markets where they operates are USA, Japan, Germany, France, Spain, Canada and UK, over all they are doing very well in Europe and USA itself, besides that they are also in Mexico, Netherland, Sweden, Austria, Finland, Italy, Belgium, Portugal, Switzerland, Denmark, Ireland, New Zealand, Hong Kong and now in India as well. Success of iPhone is a great boom to Apple Inc. Main Products and Ethical challenges: Apples worldwide smartphone shares boost upto 17% due to iPhone sales reached 7 million in 2009 including the continued version of iPhone 3GS and they are expected to be more because later in the same year they started selling iPhones in China, where as Chinese made a copy version of iPhone with different software but unable to beat the original one ofcourse. [Website Mac Rumors, News, Smartphone market worldwide] Worldwide mobile phone market experienced less growth as compare to their early years and in this year the growth was as low as 0.1 percent but smartphones was continuously growing their success and performance and growing their market upto 12.8 percent nearly every year. They face great competitors like Microsoft which is focusing on delivering software to cheap product personal computers while Apple delivers rich engineered products. Apple relied on high profit margins and never developed a clear response. Other competitors are IBM and Dell which are famous about their durability and have a good reputation in making computers. Product and Business Portfolio : Product portfolio plays important role in companys business success especially when come to competition. Product portfolio is to capture and understand customers need according to the market. Apples portfolio is to transform their customers into specifications of the product they are offerings. There has been criticism on iPhone and iPod that these devices has been locked/restricted into iTones and creating iTone Store monopoly but Apple keep ensuring that anyone but their product will be completely locked/restricted to an Apples created world. This portfolio keep the other competitors out in some aspects but is also become hard to justify some measures when creating a circle around the customers and keep competitors out. Although the fact that iTunes database format has already been cracked and the third party tool have been updated, example application like cydia which unlock iPhone and enable customers to download various applications and allow them to use their iPhone for all the network providers. But Apple is spending more time trying to ensure that anyone who purchase their product must completely locked in to Apple-centred world in which they use iTones for products like iPod and iPhone, buy from iTones Music store, and purchese only Apple-certified accessories. The new version of iTunes break the fix and they keep updating the versions of iPhone and iPod to lock the customers and other updated and therefore no third party tool is able to unlock the version unless it is certified by Apple itself [Bill Thompson, 2007, BBC News, Article in Technology section]. Corporate Change and Social welfare of employee: Apple was one of the highest successful companies founded in 70s, Corporate philosophy of identifiable product and simple design which was introduced by Steve Jobs. Apple cares about their employees and provide them various facilities and benefits that includes, staff discount, paid holidays, maternity leaves, annual bonus and friendly and learning environment. Quality: Apples relies on best quality for their customers as of their product is design to provide the best output, high profile and highly priced due to their basic strategy of high profit margin on each product and keeping their market stable. They launch the best quality product and improvise it in later versions as required by their customers. They also manage to maintain their product quality with their corporate philosophy of identifiable product and simple design.

Mutable Feminists: Are We Ready for Them? ::

Mutable Feminists: Are We Ready for Them? Throughout history, as women struggled to gain equality with men, these suffragettes were often ostracized and not accepted by society. In today’s world we find the basic rights which these women were fighting for fair, and the thought that someone would have opposed a woman’s right to vote seems ridiculous. Our society likes to feel that we are less rigid and very open-minded, but is there a type of equality, which we are still not prepared to accept? The two science fiction novels, He, She, and It by Marge Piercy, and The Ship Who Sang by Anne McCaffrey both make strong predictions about the technology, government, and social aspects of the future. Piercy and McCaffrey also express similar feminist views through the characters of Nili and Helva. Although they come from completely different hypothetical universes, these women are able to accomplish amazing feats without falling into a label, and are completely comfortable and proud of who they are. Helva and Nili exemplify feminists who use their strength and confidence with themselves, their constantly mutating attitudes and personalities, and their unique relationships with others to make incredible changes in their worlds. Although the characters of Helva, from The Ship Who Sang, and Nili from He, She, and It, are very different, they actually possess very similar personalities and characteristics. Helva is a human who was crippled at birth and transformed into a shell person. She lives her life inside the safety of a titanium shell, and without the shell’s protection she would be dead. Helva’s limitations may seem severe; however, the shell, which Helva lives in, allows her to have extreme capabilities far more advanced than any regular human’s. Therefore Helva is physically disabled, yet at the same time physically superior. Nili is very different in that she appears to have the body of an average human, and she has the abilities that humans have without needing a shell to protect her. However, they are both very similar because both Helva and Nili need their technological advances in order to survive. If Nili had not undergone alterations as a child, she would have been u nable to survive the incredibly harsh conditions of ‘the black zone’ where she was raised.

Professional practice in childrens care Essay

Understand values, principles and statutory frameworks that underpin service provision in childrens care, learning and development. 1.1 Analyse how values, principles and statutory frameworks underpin service provision in childrens care, learning and development in UK home nation. Define values, principles and statutory frameworks. Explain the similarities and differences between them. Why are they important in your setting Where are they written down How are they communicated to staff, parents What are advantages and disadvantages From my analysis. Word count 600 750 Section B 145 Learning Outcome 1 Understand principles of professional development. Explain the importance of continually improving knowledge and practice. Analyse potential barriers to professional development. Compare the use of different sources and systems of support for professional development. Explain factors to consider when selecting opportunities and activities for keeping knowledge and practice up to date. Report on professional practice Why is cpd important What are the barriers to cpd What are the different issues and problems Why are there barriers real/perceived Why do you need to overcome potential barriers From my analysis Compare a number of systems and sources of support you have used for cpd. What factors do you take into account when selecting opportunities and activities for cpd Word count 600 750 words Section C 145 Learning Outcome 4 Be able to improve performance through reflective practice. 4.1 Compare models of reflective practice. 4.2 Explain the importance of reflective practice to improve performance. 4.3 Use reflective practice and feedback from others to improve performance. 141 Learning Outcome 4 Be able to engage others in reflective practice. 4.1 Analyse the use of models of reflective practice in own setting. 4.3 Contribute to a culture that nurtures reflective practice. Explain importance of reflective practice .in improving performance. Set out a table comparing a minimum of 3 models of reflective practice. Analyse how you currently use models of reflective practice in own setting. What are the strengths and areas for improvement of reflective practice in your setting What similarities are there to any of the models you have discussed.

Communications and media. Persuasive Message Essay

The importance of this letter is to familiarize our Supermarket, XYZ Supermarket Ltd, which has been active in the investment since 1990. Here at XYZ, we have introduced a State of the Art Bakery and new methods of branding farm products. In our Bakery, we are we are manufacturing new range of products like breads, new designs of cakes that are customized to meet the customers needs, Dairy products and other meat products. More so, we believe that great businesses are not born, they are made, and this is why we have made XYZ as one of the best customer friendly venture that have received great reputation and connections to many customers needs and other organizations. We are happy to let you know we have established close relationship with leading clients distributed all across the cities and the neighboring countries. Since beginning, we have successfully provided customers with cost effective goods in our business that operates around the clock. XYZ also, offers other services like events planning and decorations such as wedding setups/parties , transport services to customers that purchases bulky goods while delivering these goods to any customers location at little fee. We are guaranteed that our investment strategies remain the leading in these business environments. Part of this letter, you will find enclosed information pamphlets, documents and brochures about us. Our services are offered after thorough considerations of our client’s needs by charging normal fee. We are fully aware that you are interested in the same options of company’s goods and services, and you must need time to think about. Through our great pleasure, we have stocked new range of products that we believe might best suit your needs. After meticulous field research and surveys, we came up with new products directly from new business people from the agricultural market, whereby, other products are manufactured or blend within our business venture. As we are all aware, the Government has provided farms supplies, loan and other incentives to our farmers, and, therefore, agricultural production and improved greatly while new farm produce is getting to our existing markets. More so, new entrepreneurs are offering new products that we are stocking and, therefore, these products will be essential for you. The new ranges of farm produce are produced in modern ways of farming especially the incorporation of technology in the farms. They are, therefore, of higher quality than the average ones already in other shelves. The new products are cost effective, fast moving goods that everyone is after, well packaged and more so, beneficial to our health especially in preventing and curing of common diseases. For instance, we are blending and manufacturing new range of breads from a wide variety of balanced protein, vitamin and vital fats’ collected from the new farm produce. These breads are so enriched â€Å"you might be tempted to skip some meals† for their balanced and satisfying characteristics. Their packaging is so modern and attractive that everyone will be interested in looking or tasting. Brochures furnishing the details of each product have been enclosed with this letter. Being our esteemed customer, we would like to offer you a range of free products in our shelves befo re the current stock runs out. We are working with highly qualified staffs that assures every customer detail is handled and taken care of physically or through our business contacts 24/7. Please note that we are working with new top sales representative, Mr. George Brown, as a Business Manager and being a former sales staff from Amazon Ventures Ltd in Paris. Mr. George has 21 years of experience in sales and marketing and was formally working in other great business companies like Virginia Green Garden, one of the largest importer and manufacturer of farm Produce in Europe. He is a graduate from Oxford University and recently completed his management studies from Michigan University. Through the combined experiences and expertise within our staffs, we have been ranked one of the best business investments and that we have developed close ties with staffs (clients) from IBM. We sometimes ask ourselves, if IBM staffs are interested with the Farm Products in our shelves, who else can’t buy from us? We, therefore, introduce and welcome all of our esteemed customers including you to these new ranges of products. Finally, we acknowledge your time and effort in reading this letter and hopeful that you may share our good news to your close colleagues especially by showing them some of the attached business brochures accompanying this letter. Mr. George is available to ascertain the prior commitments and orders. Incase of any special arrangements or enquiries, our lines, are open and can also reach our Manager at 07-05-123456 anytime between 9 A.M to 8 P.M. Further contact details can be referenced from one of the brochures. We are grateful for your concern in our Business. Sincerely †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ References Communications and media. (1974). Sydney: London : Angus & Robertson. Source document

Psychology Theories Self Reflection Essays

Psychology Theories Self Reflection Essays Psychology Theories Self Reflection Paper Psychology Theories Self Reflection Paper Psychology is the scientific study of behaviour and mental processes. It is a broad discipline which seeks to analyze the human mind and study why people behave, think, and feel the way they do. There are many different ways to approach psychology, from examining biologys role in mental health to the role of the environment on behavior. Some psychologists focus only on how the mind develops, while others counsel patients to help improve their daily lives. There are seven (7) major perspectives in modern psychology which include psychoanalytic/psychodynamic, behaviourist, humanist, cognitive, biopsychological, evolutionary and sociocultural. This assignment is an integration of knowledge; three dominant theories of psychology will be examined to see how each has influenced my behaviours through self-reflection and the use of personal examples. Having an understanding of oneself is important as it helps it to perceive things positively and assists in determining the things that one enjoys doing. It also helps in the way one faces challenges and the make decisions in life. Psychodynamic/Psychoanalytic Psychodynamic theory was the dominant school of thought within psychiatry and much of clinical psychology during the first part of the 20th century. Early psychodynamic approaches focused on the interrelationship of the mind (psyche) and mental, emotional or motivational forces within the mind that interact to shape a personality. Dr. Sigmund Freud, who is credited with inventing psychodynamic theory and psychoanalysis, influentially suggested that the unconscious mind is divided into multiple parts, including the irrational and impulsive Id (a representation of primal animal desires), the judgmental Super-ego (a representation of the rules and norms of society inside the mind), and the rational Ego (which serves as an attempt to bridge the other two parts). Alexander, 2010) According to Freud, the conscious and unconscious parts of the mind can come into conflict with one another, producing a phenomenon called repression (a state where you are unaware of having certain troubling motives, wishes or desires but they influence you negatively just the same). In general, psychodynamic theories suggest that a person must successfully resolve early developmental conflicts (e. g. gaining trust, affection, successful interpersonal relationships, mastering body functions, etc. ) in order to overcome repression and achi eve mental health. As part of this theory, he believed that humans have two basic drives: Eros and Thanatos, or the Life and Death drives. According to Psychoanalytic theory, everything we do, every thought we have, and every emotion we experience has one of two goals: to help us survive or to prevent our destruction. Freud believed that the vast majority of our knowledge about these drives is buried in the unconscious part of the mind. This would suggest that we go to school because it will help assure our survival in terms of improved finances, more money for healthcare, or even an improved ability to find a spouse. We demand safety in our cars and in our homes. We want criminal locked away and we want to be protected against anything else that could lead to our destruction. According to this theory, everything we do, everything we are can be traced back to the two basic drives. I have always felt that this theory offered unique, controversial insights into how the human mind worked. We as humans do tend to internalize, repress and suppress memories and emotions that we find painful or shameful. I also believe that experiences that we have as a child do shape our actions as an adult. As a child I never had a good relationship with my father and I think this has carried over into my relationship with men on a whole. I find it hard to trust, to forgive and to love. I think this has something to do with the fact that there was never any trust between my father and I, nor was there any affection. I probably perceived our interpersonal as a failure and this has carried over into my later years. It is important to remember that Freud was not the only psychodynamic therapist although his work has paved the way for extensions of his ideas. Examples of this are Carl Jung who thought of the unconscious as the source of potential and creativity rejecting Freuds ideas of the sexual instincts. Karen Horney criticized Freuds penis envy theory and made her own interpretation that it was a cultural phenomenon in a male dominated society. Alfred Adler developed a theory that all people are born weak and thus resolves to overcome this weakness by being at one with others. Alfred Adler believed are born with physical inadequacies and as a result, people commit very early in life to rid themselves of these feelings of nferiority. There are, however, two ways to overcome those feelings: striving for success and striving for superiority, the latter of which is less mentally healthy. Behaviourism Behaviorism originated with the work of John B. Watson, an American psychologist. John Watson coined the term Behaviorism in 1913. Behaviorism assumes that behavior is observable and can be correlated with other observable events. Therefore, there are events that precede and follow behavior. Behaviorisms goal is to explain relationships between antecedent conditions (stimuli), behavior (responses), and consequences (reward, punishment or neutral effect). Watson claimed that psychology was not concerned with the mind or with human consciousness. Instead, psychology would be concerned only with behavior. In this way, men could be studied objectively, like rats and apes. To the behaviorist, human behavior has nothing to do with internal unconscious conflicts, repression, or problems with object representations. Rather, a behavioral psychologist uses principles of learning theory to explain human behavior. Behaviorism is a theory of learning based upon the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning. Conditioning occurs through interaction with the environment. According to behaviorism, behavior can be studied in a systematic and observable manner with no consideration of internal mental states. (DeMar, 2004) Watson’s work was based on the experiments of Ivan Pavlov, who had studied animals’ responses to conditioning. In Pavlov’s best-known experiment, he rang a bell as he fed some dogs several meals. Each time the dogs heard the bell they knew that a meal was coming, and they would begin to salivate. Pavlov then rang the bell without bringing food, but the dogs still salivated. They had been â€Å"conditioned† to salivate at the sound of a bell. Pavlov believed, as Watson later emphasized, that humans react to stimuli in the same way. Behaviorism is also associated today with the name of B. F. Skinner, who made his reputation by testing Watson’s theories in the laboratory. Skinner’s studies led him to reject Watson’s almost exclusive emphasis on reflexes and conditioning. People respond to their environment, he argued, but they also operate on the environment to produce certain consequences. Skinner developed the theory of â€Å"operant conditioning,† the idea that we behave the way we do because this kind of behavior has had certain consequences in the past. For example, if your girlfriend gives you a kiss when you give her flowers, you will be likely to give her flowers when you want a kiss. You will be acting in expectation of a certain reward. Like Watson, however, Skinner denied that the mind or feelings play any part in determining behavior. Instead, our experience of reinforcements determines our behavior. (DeMar, 2004) Operant conditioning is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior. Through operant conditioning, an association is made between a behavior and a consequence for that behavior. Major Thinkers in Behaviorism are Ivan Pavlov, B. F. Skinner, Edward Thorndike and John B. Watson. I have been a teacher for the past five (5) years and I can remember doing a Classroom Management course in college that looked at the learning theories of behaviour. It was a very good course and it enabled me to be a good manager of my classroom using various techniques/strategies of rewards and punishment as well as positive and negative reinforcement to control and mould behaviour. Classical conditioning and Operant conditioning is a major factor in real life as it forms a fundamental part of human training whether in or out of the classroom. The main use of conditioning is in dealing with habit formation either trying to form good habits such as good school performance or break bad ones such as walking around the classroom while a lesson is being taught. In assuming that behaviour is learnt, behaviourists also hold that behaviour can be unlearnt and replaced by new behaviours. It can be used to shape a child to learn innumerable behaviours and skills. In education, advocates of behaviorism have effectively adopted this system of rewards and punishments or positive and negative reinforcement in their classrooms by rewarding or positively reinforcing desired behaviors and punishing or negatively reinforcing inappropriate ones. Rewards vary, but must be important to the learner in some way. For example, as a teacher I wish to teach the behavior of remaining seated during the class period, the successful students reward might be marking the teachers class register or being allowed to use the computer lab during their lunch hour or giving praise to the students who remained seated while smiling would also be positive reinforcement. Humanistic During the 1950s, humanistic psychology began as a reaction to psychoanalysis and behaviorism, which dominated psychology at the time. Psychoanalysis was focused on understanding the unconscious motivations that drove behavior while behaviorism studied the conditioning processes that produced behavior. Humanist thinkers felt that both psychoanalysis and behaviorism were too pessimistic, either focusing on the most tragic of emotions or failing to take the role of personal choice into account. (Luttrel, 2009) Humanistic psychology was instead focused on each individual’s potential and stressed the importance of growth and self-actualization. The fundamental belief of humanistic psychology was that people are innately good, with mental and social problems resulting from deviations from this natural tendency. According to this theory, humans are driven to achieve their maximum potential and will always do so unless obstacles are placed in their way. These obstacles include hunger, thirst, financial problems, safety issues or anything else that takes our focus away from maximum psychological growth. The best way to describe this theory is to utilize the famous pyramid developed by Abraham Maslow (1970) called the Hierarchy of Needs. Maslow believed that humans have specific needs that must be met and that if lower level needs go unmet, we cannot possibly strive for higher level needs. The Hierarchy of Needs shows that at the lower level, we must focus on basic issues such as food, sleep, and safety. Without food, without sleep, how could we possible focus on the higher level needs such as respect, education, and recognition? Throughout our lives, we work toward achieving the top of the pyramid, self actualization or the realization of all of our potential. As we move up the pyramid, however, things may get in the way which will ultimately slow us down and often knock us backward. Imagine working toward the respect and recognition of your colleagues and suddenly finding yourself out of work and homeless. Suddenly, you are forced backward and can no longer focus your attention on your work due to the need for finding food and shelter for you and your family. There are five different levels in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs; all my physiological needs which are the most basic and instinctual such as the need for air, food and sleep are being met. These are vital for my survival and must be met as all other needs become secondary. My safety and security needs are next and are very important, these include a desire for steady employment, health insurance, safe neighborhoods and shelter from the environment and are currently being met. Everyone has a need for belonging, love and affection which is referred to as social needs. Relationships such as friendships, romantic attachments and families help fulfill this need for companionship and acceptance, as do involvement in social, community or religious groups. I am currently in the Esteem needs phase which becomes increasingly important after the first three (3) needs have been met. These include the need for things that reflect on self-esteem, personal worth, social recognition and accomplishment. I am in the process of changing professions and working towards achieving a diploma from Norquest University as a LPN. I want to be a good nurse and earn enough that I am able to care for my family. All my energy is focused on achieving as much as I can which would reflect on my self-esteem. I want to be able to look back at my life and not have any regrets. I do not want to be a failure. The last set of needs is the Self-actualizing Needs. This is the highest level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Self-actualizing people are self-aware, concerned with personal growth, less concerned with the opinions of others and interested fulfilling their potential. According to Maslow, nobody has ever reached the peak of his pyramid. We all may strive for it and some may even get close, but no one has achieved full self-actualization. Self-actualization means having a complete understanding of oneself, a sense of completeness, of being the best person you could possibly be. To have achieved this goal is to stop living, for what is there to strive for if you have learned everything about yourself, if you have experienced all that you can, and if there is no way left for you to grow emotionally, intellectually, or spiritually. (Luttrel, 2009) Another major thinker in Humanistic Psychology is Carl Rogers. who maintains that the human organism has an underlying actualizing tendency, which aims to develop all capacities in ways that maintain or enhance the organism and move it toward autonomy. This tendency is directional, constructive and present in all living things. The actualizing tendency can be suppressed but can never be destroyed without the destruction of the organism. Conclusion Throughout history humans have been puzzled by human behavior, the reasons behind it, and have been faced with the consequences of their own as well as others behavior. Many studies have been done and theories developed in an attempt to explain this fascinating area of human existence. These theories enable us to understand and determine how the mind and body of an individual works. The psychodynamic, behaviourist and humanistic perspectives are very different theories but they all seek to answer basically the same questions, who and what we are, why we are like that, why we act and think like that and what we could be as a person, just in different ways. It is not necessary to think of these three schools of thought as competing elements as Abraham Maslow argued in his book Toward a Psychology of Being (1962), in which he described humanistic psychology as the third force in psychology, the first and second forces being behaviorism and psychoanalysis respectively. Each branch of psychology has contributed to our understanding of the human mind and behavior. Psychoanalysis looked at the mind, Behaviourist Psychology looked at behaviours and the Humanistic psychology added yet another dimension that took a more holistic view of the individual. There has been many criticisms of psychoanalysis and behaviourist perspectives but the fact remains that these theories have paved the way and laid the foundations upon which psychology stands.